ABSTRACT Although the strategic issue (SI) construct has been used since the 1970s as a theoretical framework to investigate and explain several phenomena in organizational and strategic management, few reviews on SIs have been carried out so far. This study aims to fill this gap. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, comprising 77 empirical and theoretical papers published in peer-reviewed academic journals since 1975. The analysis of this sample of papers led to the identification of five themes or perspective on SIs, which are discussed. This review contributes to the organizational and strategic management literature by identifying lines of inquiry, convergences, and gaps in the studies on SIs, and proposing an agenda for future research.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand how neuroscientific tools are used and discussed in ongoing research on strategy in organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a bibliometric study of bibliographic pairing to answer the research question. They collected data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases using the keywords “neuroscience*,” “neurostrategy*” and “neuroscientific*.” Findings This study presents a framework that relates fundamental aspects discussed in current research using neuroscientific tools: Neuroscience and its research tools in organizations; emotions and information processing; interdisciplinary application of neuroscientific tools; and moral and ethical influences in the leaders' decision-making process. Research limitations/implications The inclusion of neuroscientific tools in Strategic Management research is still under development. There are criticisms and challenges related to the limitations and potential to support future research. Practical implications Despite recognizing the potential of neuroscientific tools in the mind and brain relationship, this study suggests that at this stage, because of criticisms and challenges, they should be used as support and in addition to other traditional research techniques to assess constructs and mechanisms related to strategic decisions and choices in organizations. Social implications Neuroscientific methods in organizational studies can provide insights into individual reactions to ethical issues and raise challenging normative questions about the nature of moral responsibility, autonomy, intention and free will, offering multiple perspectives in the field of business ethics. Originality/value In addition to presenting the potential and challenges of using scientific tools in strategic management studies, this study helps create methodological paths for studies in strategic management.

Abstract Regular physical exercise is considered an effective method for preserving and improving balance in elderly women. However, it is unclear whether resistance and aerobic exercises have the same effect on balance in elderly women. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to compare the effects of resistance and aerobic training on balance and concern about falls in elderly women. For this purpose, elderly women from the resistance training group (RTG; n = 15) and the aerobic exercise group (AEG; n = 15) had their physical activity level, balance and concern about falls evaluated. No significant differences were observed between the groups in physical activity level (χ²= 0.240; gl= 1; p<0.624). However, the elderly women from the RTG showed better performance in the balance test (49.8±3.85) and low concern about possible falls (18.3±1.44), when compared to the elderly women from the AEG (balance: 28 .13±4.24; χ² Wald (1) = 176.778; p<0.0001; concern about possible falls: 33.0±5.93; χ² Wald (1) = 87.5; p<0.001). In view of this, we can conclude that elderly women who practiced resistance training showed better balance and less concern about possible falls compared to those who practiced aerobic exercises.

Resumo A prática regular de exercício físico tem sido considera uma conduta eficiente para melhorar o equilíbrio de idosos. Porém, não está muito claro se os exercícios físicos resistido e aeróbio resultam no mesmo efeito sobre o equilíbrio em mulheres idosas. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos dos treinamentos resistido e aeróbio sobre o equilíbrio e a preocupação com quedas em idosas. Para tal, foram avaliadas idosas do grupo treinamento resistido (GTR; n = 15) e do grupo aeróbio (GEA; n = 15). Foram mensurados o nível de atividade física, o equilíbrio e a preocupação com a queda. Nenhuma diferença significativa entre grupos foi observada no nível de atividade física (χ²= 0,240; gl= 1; p<0,624). Porém, as idosas do GTR apresentaram melhor desempenho no teste de equilíbrio (49,8±3,85) e baixa preocupação com uma possível queda (18,3±1,44), quando comparadas com as idosas do GEA (equilíbrio: 28,13±4,24; χ² Wald (1) = 176,778; p<0,0001; preocupação com uma possível queda: 33,0±5,93; χ² Wald (1) = 87,5; p<0,001). No presente estudo, podemos concluir que idosas praticantes de treinamento resistido apresentaram melhor equilíbrio e menor preocupação com uma possível queda em relação às idosas praticantes de exercício aeróbio.

Abstract Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have been reported as cause of serious hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam compared to other agents against GNB isolated from patients admitted to Brazilian medical centers between the years 2016 and 2017. Presence of β-lactamase encoding genes was also evaluated. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of GNB isolated from intra-abdominal (IAI), respiratory (RTI), and urinary tract infections (UTI) was performed according to ISO 227-1 guidelines and interpreted following CLSI and BrCAST/EUCAST guidelines. Qualifying Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for the presence of β-lactamase genes by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Results 1748 GNB collected from UTI (45.2%), IAI (25.7%) and RTI (29.1%) were evaluated. Ceftolozane-tazobactam remained highly active (94.7%) against E. coli isolates. Among K. pneumoniae, susceptibility rates were 85.9% and 85.4% for amikacin and colistin, whereas ceftolozane-tazobactam (44.1% susceptible) and carbapenems (55.2-62.2% susceptible) showed poor activity due to bla KPC-2. Against E. cloacae amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem retained good activity (>90%). Ceftolozane-tazobactam was the most potent β-lactam agent tested against P. aeruginosa (90.9% susceptible), including ceftazidime and imipenem resistant isolates. β-lactamase encoding genes testing was carried out in 433 isolates. bla CTX-M variants were predominant in E. coli, P. mirabilis and E. cloacae. Among the K. pneumoniae molecularly tested, most carried bla KPC (68.5%), with all harboring bla KPC-2, except two isolates carrying bla KPC-3 or bla KPC-30. ESBL encoding genes, mainly CTX-M family, were frequently detected in K. pneumoniae, plasmid-mediated AmpC were rare. A variety of PDC encoding genes were detected in P. aeruginosa isolates with five isolates harboring MBL and one KPC encoding genes. Conclusion Ceftolozane-tazobactam was very active against E. coli, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa isolates and could constitute an excellent therapeutic option including for those isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems but not producers of carbapenemases.

RESUMO Examinamos a pesquisa existente nas Escolas de Negócios (EN) na tentativa de entender as influências estruturais e intelectuais na pesquisa convencional, bem como a evolução e as tendências da pesquisa. Por meio de um estudo bibliométrico de cocitação e pareamento bibliográfico, apoiado em análises fatoriais e de rede, de uma amostra de 493 artigos, examinamos 76 artigos selecionados e suas referências. Os resultados indicam que as críticas feitas às EN influenciaram os trabalhos principais. Encontramos três fontes principais de críticas no nível intelectual: Lacuna entre Teoria e Prática, Relevância Social e Currículos e Prática. Nos principais trabalhos identificamos seis tópicos diferentes: Relevância da EN, Relevância do Ensino, Relevância para a Prática, Relevância do Curriculo, Evolução e Influência da EN, e Reputação. Através de nossa pesquisa bibliométrica, contribuímos para a pesquisa das EN de duas maneiras. Permitiu a identificação de trabalhos e temas que influenciaram as reflexões nas EN, pois influenciaram a pesquisa em andamento e, consequentemente, as tendências da pesquisa. Além disso, os resultados servem como orientações possíveis para os gerentes da EN.

ABSTRACT We examined the extant research on Business Schools (B-Schools) in an attempt to understand the intellectual structural influences in mainstream research, as well as the evolution and trends in research. Through a bibliometric study of co-citation and bibliographic coupling, supported by factor and network analyses of a sample of 493 articles, we examined 76 selected articles and their references. The results indicate that critiques of B-Schools influenced mainstream works. We found three primary sources of criticism at the intellectual level: Theory and Practice Gap, Social Relevance, and Curricula and Practice. The mainstream works identified six different topics: B-School Relevance, Teaching Relevance, Relevance to Practice, Curricula Relevance, B-School Evolution, and Influence, and Reputation. The longitudinal analysis identified four trends: Relevance to Practice, Social Relevance, Academic-Practitioner Divide, and Teaching Relevance. Through our bibliometric research, we contribute to the B-Schools research in two ways. It enabled the identification of works and themes that influenced reflections on B-Schools, as they influenced the ongoing research, and consequently, the research trends. Furthermore, the results serve as possible orientations for B-School managers.

ABSTRACT Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance is increasing and there are few effective antibiotics to treat infections caused by resistant and multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against clinical bacterial isolates from Brazil. Methods: A total of 673 Gram-negative bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Enterobacterales collected from 2016 to 2017 were tested, most of them isolated from patients in intensive care units. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50/90) were determined by broth microdilution for amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colistin, ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam using dried panels. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Results: Susceptibility rates to ceftolozane-tazobactam ranged from 40.4% to 94.9%. P. aeruginosa susceptibility rate to ceftolozane-tazobactam was 84.9% (MIC50/90, 1/16 µg/mL) and 99.2% to colistin. For E. coli, ceftolozane-tazobactam inhibited 94.9% (MIC50/90, 0.25/1 µg/mL) of the microorganisms. The susceptibility rate of K. pneumoniae to ceftolozane-tazobactam was 40.4% (MIC50/90, 16/>32 µg/mL). Other Enterobacterales have shown susceptibility rates of 81.1% (MIC50/90, 0.5/16 µg/mL) to ceftolozane-tazobactam, 93.9% to meropenem, 90.9% to amikacin (90.9%), and 88.6% to ertapenem. In non-carbapenemase producing isolates, AmpC mutations were found three isolates. Conclusions: Ceftolozane-tazobactam has shown relevant activity against a large variety of the analyzed microorganisms collected from multiple centers in Brazil, showing promising results even in multidrug resistant strains.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar se os Planos de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) são documentos estratégicos ou simplesmente uma resposta à busca de legitimidade diante de pressões regulatórias. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, baseado em informações de 20 PDIs de universidades brasileiras, categorizadas como privadas, públicas, comunitárias e confessionais. Para analisar os PDIs, utilizou-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, descobriu-se que a maioria são documentos muito mais descritivos, com metas e planos operacionais, do que documentos com características estratégicas. Por outro lado, na maioria dos documentos analisados, evidencia-se a importância e relevância da construção de um PDI como benefício para a gestão e a organização universitária como um todo. Concluiu-se que os PDIs tendem a ser documentos que buscam dar legitimidade às universidades em relação aos atores envolvidos. Em outras palavras, eles convergem para o isomorfismo institucional. Assim, eles não são preparados e utilizados apenas devido a demandas institucionais, mas principalmente devido a imposições legais.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze whether Institutional Development Plans (IDP) are strategic documents or simply a response to seeking legitimacy in the face of regulatory pressures. This is a qualitative study based on information from 20 IDPs of Brazilian universities, categorized as private, public, community, or confessional. To analyze the IDPs, the content analysis methodology was used. As a result, it was found that most IDPs are much more descriptive documents, with operational goals and plans, than documents with strategic characteristics. On the other hand, in most of the documents analyzed, there was evidence of the importance and relevance of constructing an IDP as a benefit for the management and the university organization as a whole. It was concluded that IDPs tend to be documents that seek to provide universities with legitimacy in relation to the actors involved. In other words, they converge towards institutional isomorphism. Thus, they are not prepared, and used only due to institutional demands, but mainly due to legal impositions.

ABSTRACT We examined how scholars decide what they study, scrutinizing researchers’ problem choice. We qualitatively analyzed a survey conducted by e-mail with 40 top management scholars on organizational decline in top-ranked journals. This topic appears to be neglected despite the real life evidence that the performance of firms is declining at an increasingly rapid pace. We conducted a content analysis of motivation to undertake, remain with, or abandon research. We found explanations for what researchers’ study specifically related to concerns over tenure and promotion, difficulty in conducting research, and the general unattractiveness of ‘negative’ themes that lead scholars to avoid a research topic. We contribute to studies on problem choice in management research by explaining why relevant economic and societal research agendas are under-researched. Our findings indicate that motivation not to undertake is related to extrinsic factors. Motivations to remain are usually intrinsic. However, motivations to abandon may be intrinsic, in order to move on to another research project, or extrinsic, depending on the situation. It also serves as a warning that scholars may be paying excessive attention to mainstream theoretical approaches and topics, inhibiting the emergence of new ideas and detracting attention from phenomena that are important for teaching.

RESUMO As pequenas empresas por seu relevante papel socioeconômico têm despertado crescente interesse da academia. Altas taxas de mortalidade associados às pequenas empresas têm sido objeto de pesquisas que investigam causas e fatores desencadeadores do declínio organizacional, fenômeno que antecede à morte da empresa. Neste artigo foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico em nove periódicos líderes na pesquisa em pequenas empresas, para obter uma visão geral e estrutural do conhecimento acumulado. Foi obtida uma amostra de 449 artigos relacionados ao declínio publicados entre 1989 e 2014. O método empregado permitiu a análise dos autores mais prolíficos, citações e obras com maior impacto, cocitações para entender a estrutura intelectual do campo e temas pesquisados para entender o foco da pesquisa. Foram empregadas técnicas de análise multivariada de dados como a análise fatorial exploratória e o escalonamento multidimensional (MDS). Foram identificados quatro principais temas pesquisados entrelaçando causas internas e externas como causadoras do declínio: empreendedorismo; administração estratégica e desempenho; inovação e evolução; liabilities (ameaças) e ambiente. Este estudo indica que o declínio é desencadeado pela interação de causas internas e externas às empresas, fazendo um contraponto às pesquisas existentes que abordam ora umas ora outras e não estabelecem uma relação entre elas. Contribui para a academia com as bases sobre as quais novas pesquisas podem ser desenvolvidas e para a prática gerencial uma vez que identifica as causas do declínio e possibilita a tomada de decisões para neutralizá-las.

ABSTRACT Small businesses for their socio-economic relevance have aroused growing interest from academia. High mortality rates associated with small businesses have been the subject of research delving causes and triggering factors of organizational decline, a phenomenon that precedes the death of the company. In this article it was performed a bibliometric study in nine top ranked journals in research over small businesses to get a general and structural view of the accumulated knowledge. It was obtained a sample of 449 articles related to the decline published between 1989 and 2014. The method allows the analysis of the most prolific authors, citations and work with greater impact, co-citations to understand the intellectual structure of the field and researched topics to understand the focus of search. Multivariate data analysis techniques were employed as exploratory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS). It was identified four main themes interweaving internal and external factors as the causes of the decline: entrepreneurship; strategic management and performance; innovation and evolution; liabilities (threats) and the environment. This study indicates that the decline is triggered by the interaction of internal and external causes to companies, making a counterpoint to existing research addressing that does not establish a relationship between them. It contributes to the academia with the basis on which new research can be developed and to management practice since identifies the causes of the decline and enables decision making to neutralize them.

RESUMEN Las pequeñas empresas, por su significativo papel socioeconómico han han atraído creciente interés del mundo académico. Las altas tasas de mortalidad asociadas a las pequeñas empresas han sido objeto de estudios de investigación de las causas y los factores de deterioro de la organización, un fenómeno que precede a la muerte de la empresa. En este artículo se realizó un estudio bibliométrico en nueve revistas líderes en la investigación en las pequeñas empresas para obtener una visión general y estructural del conocimiento acumulado. Se obtuvo una muestra de 449 artículos relacionados con la disminución publicados entre 1989 y 2014. El método permite el análisis de los autores más prolíficos, citas bibliográficas y trabajar con mayor impacto, co-citas para entender la estructura intelectual del campo e investigó temas para comprender el enfoque de investigación. Las técnicas de análisis de datos multivariados fueron empleados como el análisis factorial exploratorio y escalamiento multidimensional (MDS). Se identificaron cuatro temas principales que se entrelazan factores internos y externos como la causa de la decadencia: el espíritu empresarial; la gestión y el desempeño estratégico; la innovación y la evolución; liabilities (amenazas) y el medio ambiente. Este estudio indica que la disminución es provocada por la interacción de causas internas y externas a las empresas, haciendo un contrapunto a las investigaciones realizadas que no establecen una relación entre ellos. Contribuye a la academia con la base sobre la cual se puede desarrollar nuevas investigaciones y con las prácticas de gestión por identificar las causas de la decadencia y permite la tomada de decisiones para neutralizarlos.

Abstract Organizational decline is related to the deterioration of the resource base and performance of an organization for a sustained period of time. Although some studies have been conducted, it remains an understudied phenomenon, despite its importance. The study of organizational decline is faced with challenges to improving and increasing research. In this study, we analyze the scientific field of organizational decline in business and management journals with a high impact factor. We conducted a mixed-method study: a bibliometric study of a sample of 214 articles, and a qualitative study with 41 authors. We used an analysis of citations, co-citations and factor analysis. This enabled the identification of the most influential works and their conceptual approaches. The interviews with the authors were analyzed using content analysis, which complemented our understanding of the challenges and problems facing the theme. The results show that organizational decline can be organized into three different aspects: organizational decline itself; studies on turnaround; and mortality. Specific challenges to overcome are related to a better definition, cognitive issues and other issues on decision-making and specific methodological problems. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate whether theories that explain growth are also able to explain decline.

Resumen: En este estudio se analiza la manera en que la Teoría de los Recursos y las Capacidades ha sido incorporada a la investigación en negocios internacionales durante los últimos veinte años, teniendo como referente el artículo de Barney (1991). Para tales efectos, se aplicaron técnicas bibliométricas en el análisis de citaciones, co-citaciones y temas de investigación abordados para aquellos artículos publicados entre 1991 y 2010 en cinco revistas especializadas en negocios internacionales. La información fue recopilada a partir del Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), perteneciente al Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Se concluye que la Teoría de los Recursos y las Capacidades ha venido ejerciendo una notable influencia en gran parte de los temas de investigación en torno a los negocios internacionales. Asimismo, ha orientado muchos de los planteamientos sobre las estrategias de las corporaciones multinacionales, las decisiones de localización y sus estrategias de internacionalización. Por otra parte, se identificaron áreas que han sido exploradas en menor proporción. Este estudio busca, además de identificar el capital de conocimiento acumulado, señalar futuras áreas de investigación en que los estudios en negocios internacionales puedan seguirse beneficiando de una perspectiva orientada a los recursos y las capacidades organizacionales. Clasificación JEL: M16, F23, M19.

Résumé: Cette étude analyse la façon dont la théorie des ressources et des capacités a été incorporée dans la recherche en commerce international pour les vingt dernières années, en prenant comme référence 1'article de Barney (1991). À cet effet, on a applique des techniques bibliométriques pour l'analyse des citations, des co-citations et des thèmes de recherche traités dans des articles publiés entre 1991 et 2010, dans cinq magazines d'affaires internationales. Les informations ont été recueillies à partir du Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), appartenant à l'lnstitute for Scientific Information (ISI). On peut conclure que la théorie des ressources et des capacités a exercé une influence considérable dans la plupart des sujets de recherche dans le domaine des affaires internationales. Elle a, également, orienté nombre de propositions sur les stratégies des sociétés multinationales, leurs décisions de localisation et leurs strategies d'internationalisation. Par ailleurs, on a identifié des zones qui ont été moins étudiées. Cette etude cherche, en plus d'identifier le capital des connaissances accumulées, à signaler les futurs domaines de recherche oú les études dans le domaine des affaires internationales pourront bénéficier d'une perspective visant sur les ressources et les capacites organisationnelles. Clasificación JEL: M16, F23, M19.

Abstract: In this study we examine how the RBV has been included in IB research over the past twenty years using Barney's (1991) article as a key marker. Bibliometric techniques analyzing citations, co-citations and research themes delved into, were applied to the articles published between 1991 and 2010 in five leading IB journals. Data was collected from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). We conclude that the RBV has been having an important impact on most of IB research themes and has been driving a large portion of current thought on the multinational corporations' strategies, location choices and internationalization. Although, we also find areas that have been explored to much lesser extent. In addition to identify the stock of accumulated knowledge, this study contributes to highlight areas for future inquiry on how IB studies may further benefit from an RBV-oriented perspective. Clasificación JEL: M16, F23, M19.

Resumo: Neste estudo analisa-se a maneira em que a Teoria de Recursos e Capacidades foi incorporada na pesquisa em negócios internacionais durante os últimos vinte anos, tendo como referente o artigo de Barney (1991). Para tais efeitos, aplicaram-se técnicas bibliométricas na análise de citações, cocitações e temas de pesquisa abordados para aqueles artigos publicados entre 1991 e 2010 em cinco revistas especializadas em negócios internacionais. A informação foi recopilada a partir do Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), pertencente ao Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Conclui-se que a Teoria de Recursos e Capacidades vem exercendo uma notável influência em grande parte dos temas de pesquisa relacionados com os negócios internacionais. Desse modo, orientou muitas das propostas sobre as estratégias das corporações multinacionais, as decisões de localização e suas estratégias de internacionalização. Por outra parte, identificaram-se áreas que foram exploradas em menor proporção. Este estudo procura, além de identificar o capital de conhecimento acumulado, indicar futuras áreas de pesquisa em que os estudos em negócios internacionais possam continuar se beneficiando de uma perspectiva orientada aos recursos e às capacidades organizacionais. Clasificación JEL: M16, F23, M19.

Internacionalizar as operações requer que as empresas multinacionais (EMNs) desenvolvam estratégias capazes de lidar, simultaneamente, com as pressões institucionais externas, para a legitimidade, e as pressões institucionais internas, para a conformidade. Neste artigo conceitual e baseado na literatura de teoria institucional em negócios internacionais, desenvolve-se um conjunto de proposições teóricas sobre quais as estratégias de entrada nos mercados externos seguidaspelas EMNs face aosambientes institucionais. Com foco predominante no ambiente institucional externo e nas diferenças de desenvolvimento institucional, também aborda a relevância de considerar o ambiente interno. As estratégias de entrada tendem a ser baseadas em modos de baixo envolvimento e em parcerias, como jointventures, para entrar em países institucionalmente imaturos ou institucionalmente mais distantes.As aquisições e as parcerias podem ser usadas se as pressões institucionais forem menores. Conclui-se com uma discussão geral e o apontamento de questões para pesquisas futuras.

Internationalizing operations requires multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop strategies capable of simultaneously dealing with external institutional pressures towards legitimacy and internal institutional pressures towards conformity. In this conceptual paper we develop a set of theory-driven propositions on what are the internationalization strategies that MNCs must deploy given their institutional environments. Especially emphasizing the external institutional environment and differences in institutional development, we also approach the relevance of considering the internal institutional environment to the firm. Entry strategies tend to be based on low-involvement modes and on partnerships, such as joint-ventures, to enter institutionally immature or institutionally farther countries. Acquisitions and partnerships may be used when internal institutional pressures are weaker. We conclude with a broad discussion and avenues for future research.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Liposuction is a surgical procedure that was developed approximately 30 years ago by Fournier, Illouz, and others. In 2011, a total of 211,108 liposuction procedures were performed in Brazil versus 325,332 in the United States. Over the years, liposuction performed with the tumescent technique has had a good safety profile. It is also performed by other specialists, including dermatologists, and has been described as an outpatient procedure in public institutions in Brazil. The scarcity of data on the subject has led the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (BSPS) to create a commission composed of 10 full members with the aim of investigating the factors involved in severe liposuction-related complications and death in Brazil. Methods: An online questionnaire was created using an anonymous link on the BSPS website. The questionnaire was sent to the registered email addresses of 4,441 associate and full members of the BSPS. The first question was about the occurrence of liposuction-related complications. The respondents could only continue to answer the questionnaire if the answer to this question was “yes.” In addition to the questionnaire, the BSPS sent letters to the official state and federal institutions in which the case or complication/death-related records and/or deaths as a consequence of liposuction were expected to exist. The significance of the association between death and the various factors was determined using the chi-square test. The significant variables were included in Poisson Regression Models. The significance level was set at 5%. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 10.0. Results: Thromboembolic events, combined surgical procedures, and the facilities where the procedure was performed were risk factors involved in liposuction-related mortality. Conclusion: The implementation of programs that aim to standardize liposuction procedures may effectively reduce liposuction-related mortality rates. This study aimed to make a positive educational impact on the development of future safe liposuction protocols.

RESUMO Introdução: A lipoaspiração, procedimento cirúrgico com cerca de 30 anos desde sua sistematização por Fournier, Illouz e outros, atingiu, em 2011, o total de 211.108 cirurgias realizadas no Brasil e 325.332, nos Estados Unidos. Ao longo dos anos, foi reputado como procedimento seguro, baseado em conceitos da técnica tumescente. Realizado também por outras especialidades, já foi descrito como método ambulatorial, inclusive em instituições públicas no Brasil, por dermatologistas. Motivada por essa lacuna de dados, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica criou uma comissão composta por dez membros titulares, com o objetivo de realizar uma pesquisa para reconhecer a presença de possíveis fatores envolvidos nas intercorrências graves e nos óbitos, após uma cirurgia de lipoaspiração no Brasil. Métodos: Foi elaborado um questionário on-line através de um link anônimo e disponível para consulta, no site da SBCP. O questionário foi enviado, através dos e-mails de cadastro, para 4.441 membros associados e titulares da SBCP. A primeira questão indagava sobre a ocorrência de intercorrências em lipoaspiração. Somente a resposta positiva era então direcionada ao restante do questionário. Além do questionário, foram enviadas cartas pela SBCP às instituições oficiais estaduais e federais, nas quais prováveis registros de processos ou cadastro de fatos relacionados a intercorrências e/ou óbitos após lipoaspiração poderiam existir. A significância da associação entre óbito e os diversos fatores foi medida com aplicação do teste qui-quadrado. As variáveis significantes foram incluídas em Modelos de Regressão de Poisson. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 5%. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do programa STATA versão 10.0. Resultados: Fenômenos tromboembólicos, associação de cirurgias e o local de realização da cirurgia demostraram ser fatores de risco envolvidos na mortalidade de lipoaspiração. Conclusão: Programas visando à normatização na realização das lipoaspirações podem ser eficazes na diminuição da mortalidade em lipoaspiração. Acreditamos que este artigo pode promover um impacto positivo educacional e, futuramente, gerar protocolos de segurança em lipoaspiração.

A pesquisa em alianças estratégicas apresenta longa tradição nos estudos de Administração. As alianças estratégicas têm sido pesquisadas usando múltiplas lentes teóricas, da VBR à Teoria de Agência e à Teoria dos Custos de Transação, e em diversos contextos, da indústria de semicondutores à de aviação civil. Neste estudo, escrutinamos a pesquisa em alianças estratégicas em 31 periódicos de topo em Administração, num período de 20 anos, entre 1993 e 2012. Numa amostra de 866 artigos, realizamos análises de citações e cocitações empregando técnicas de redes sociais, bem como análise fatorial para identificar os principais temas de pesquisa, entender o estoque de conhecimento acumulado e as tendências teóricas. Identificamos algumas mutações da pesquisa ao longo do período - incluindo o foco no desempenho e a ênfase na teoria dos custos de transação e em preocupações de governança para o foco em perspectivas baseadas no aprendizado e transferência de conhecimento, redes sociais e colaboração. Este estudo oferece as fundações sobre as quais pesquisas futuras possam se desenvolver para colmatar lacunas conceituais e empíricas.

Research on strategic alliances has a long tradition in management studies. Strategic alliances have been investigated using multiple theoretical lenses from RBV to agency and transaction cost, and diverse contexts, from the semiconductor to airline industries. In this study we scrutinize the extant strategic alliance research in thirty-one top-ranked business/management journals, over a twenty-year period, from 1993 to 2012. In a sample of 866 articles we conducted citation and co-citation analyses employing social network techniques and factor analysis to identify research themes and make sense of the stock of accumulated knowledge and theoretical trends. We were able to identify some shifts in research over time, namely from a focus on performance and theoretical emphasis on transaction cost theory and governance concerns, moving to a learning and knowledge transfer approach, social networks and collaboration. This study provides the foundations over which future research may develop to fill conceptual and empirical gaps.

National cultures and cultural differences provide a crucial component of the international business (IB) research context. We conducted a bibliometric study of articles published in seven leading IB journals over a period of three decades to analyze how national culture has been impacting IB research. Co-citation mappings permit us to identify the ties binding works dealing with culture and cultural issues in IB. We identify two main clusters of research, each comprising two sub-clusters, with Hofstede’s (1980) work delineating much of the conceptual and empirical approach to culture-related studies. One main cluster entails works on the conceptualization of culture and its dimensions and the other cluster focuses on cultural distance. This conceptual framework captures the extant IB research incorporating culture-related concepts and influences.